Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) creates challenges for permitting. Generated by combustion and high temperature processes, PM 2.5 requires consideration of multiple forms of particulate matter, precursors, and evaluation of modeling  against a backdrop of a low NAAQS and SIL. Taken in combination, these factors often create permitting obstacles for new plants and facility expansions. Leading air attorney Eric Hiser will outline problems and solutions. Ryan Gesser of Georgia Pacific will review how the permit rules are supposed to work, and what actually happened in a recent industrial permitting case study. David Shotts will discuss lessons learned in permitting combustion turbines and other power industry sources. A panel discussion follows evaluating those experiences and answering questions.  These perspectives will help permit applicants and permit writers work through the many complexities of permitting.